图3 以蚊制蚊技术环节[15]. 该技术主要通过大规模饲养靶标虫, 经雌雄分离获得雄虫并对其进行辐照绝育处理, 将其释放至野外与野生雌蚊交配, 产生无法继续发育的后代, 从而逐步压低蚊虫种群数量.
重新看待那些不讨喜的生物
一个生物是否讨喜,从来不是衡量其价值的标准。在漫长的演化过程中,蚊子以微小的体型和看似简单的结构,形成了一套高效而稳定的生存策略。这些策略不仅帮助它们在自然界中延续至今,也为人类理解生命机制、改进工程技术和探索医学前沿提供了重要线索。正是通过研究这些看似不起眼、甚至令人厌烦的生物,科学不断拓展着认识世界的边界。
或许,当我们再次听到夜晚耳边熟悉的“嗡嗡”声时,依然会本能地感到厌烦,甚至下意识地挥起手掌。但至少,我们或许可以多一层认识:在科学的世界里,蚊子并不仅仅是一个令人头疼的麻烦制造者,更是一位历经亿万年演化检验的老生物工程师。理解这样的生命,并不意味着喜欢它们,而是帮助我们更深刻地认识自然,以及自然中那些隐藏已久的智慧。或许,这正是科学研究与科学普及的意义所在。
参考文献
[1]Azar D, Nel A, Huang D, et al. The earliest fossil mosquito. Curr Biol. 2023 Dec 4;33(23):5240-5246.e2.
[2]Koltz AM, Culler LE. The Arctic's growing mosquito problem. Science. 2026 Apr 16;392(6795):235.
[3]Griffin L. Laboratory evaluation of predation on mosquito larvae by Australian mangrove fish. J Vector Ecol. 2014 Jun;39(1):197-203.
[4]Bimbilé Somda NS, Maïga H, Mamai W, et al. Adult mosquito predation and potential impact on the sterile insect technique. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 15;12(1):2561.
[5]Scavo NA, Vasquez C, Mutebi JP, et al. Leveraging mosquito surveillance data to assess ecosystem health. Trends Parasitol. 2025 Jun;41(6):424-427.
[6]Kinuthia, G.K., Ngure, V., Kamau, L. Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya. BMC Ecol Evo 21, 188 (2021).
[7]Du S, Murray RL. Road salt pollution alters sex ratios in emerging mosquito populations. Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 1;334:122203.
[8]Li ADR, Putra KB, Chen L, et al. Mosquito proboscis-inspired needle insertion to reduce tissue deformation and organ displacement. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 22;10(1):12248.
[9]Paige AS, Duvall LB. Vector biology: A mosquito's deadly kiss on the LIPS. Curr Biol. 2022 Aug 22;32(16):R874-R876.
[10]Puma J, Yang Z, Johnston E, et al. 3D necroprinting: Leveraging biotic material as the nozzle for 3D printing. Sci Adv. 2025 Nov 21;11(47):eadw9953.
[11]Singh B, Ahmad KA, Murugaiah M, et al. Quasi-steady aerodynamic modeling and dynamic stability of mosquito-inspired flapping wing pico aerial vehicle. Front Robot AI. 2024 May 7;11:1362206.
[12]Kim, D., Park, C.J., Koh, JS. et al. Small-scale robots inspired by aquatic interfacial biolocomotion. MRS Bulletin 49, 148–158 (2024).
[13]Shrivastava G, Valenzuela-Leon PC, Chagas AC, et al. Alboserpin, the main salivary anticoagulant from the disease vector Aedes albopictus, displays anti-FXa-PAR signaling in vitro and in vivo. Immunohorizons. 2022 Jun 23;6(6):373-383.
[14]Song D, Jia X, Gao Y, et al. STT3A-mediated viral N-glycosylation underlies the tumor selectivity of oncolytic virus M1. Oncogene. 2023 Nov;42(48):3575-3588.
[15]Guo J, Zheng X, Zhang D, et al. Current status of mosquito handling, transporting and releasing in frame of the sterile insect technique. Insects. 2022 Jun 10;13(6):532.